HTML University

Science Dept.

Biology BIO 100
Dehydration Synthesis And Hydrolytic Cleavage

1. Carbohydrates
   1. Dehydration Synthesis
      1. Reactions Occur with the Proper Enzymes and ATP

      2. Monosaccharide + Monosaccharide ---> Disaccharide + One Water Molecule

      3. Glucose + Fructose ---> Sucrose + One Water Molecule

   2. Hydrolytic Cleavage, Hydrolysis or Digestion
      1. Reactions Occur with the Proper Enzymes and ATP

      2. Disaccharide + One Water Molecule ---> Monosaccharide + Monosaccharide

      3. Sucrose + One Water Molecule ---> Glucose + Fructose

2. Fats - Lipids
   1. Dehydration Synthesis
      1. Reactions Occur with the Proper Enzymes and ATP

      2. Please Note that the Glycerine Molecule Is also Known as Glycerol

      3. One Glycerine Molecule + Three Fatty Acids ---> One Fat Molecule and Three Water Molecules

      4. One Glycerine Molecule + Three Stearic Acid Molecules ---> One Tristearin Fat Molecule and Three Water Molecules

   2. Hydrolytic Cleavage, Hydrolysis or Digestion
      1. Reactions Occur with the Proper Enzymes and ATP

      2. One Fat Molecule and Three Water Molecules ---> One Glycerine Molecule + Three Fatty Acids

      3. One Tristearin Fat Molecule and Three Water Molecules ---> One Glycerine Molecule + Three Stearic Acid Molecules

3. Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
   1. Dehydration Synthesis
      1. Reactions Occur with the Proper Enzymes and ATP

      2. Amino Acid + Amino Acid ---> Dipeptide + Water

   2. Hydrolytic Cleavage, Hydrolysis or Digestion
      1. Reactions Occur with the Proper Enzymes and ATP

      2. Dipeptide + Water ---> Amino Acid + Amino Acid

   3. Disulfide Bridges
      1. Disulfide Bridges Are Chemical Bonds Formed Between Certain Sulfur Containing Amino Acids of the Protein

      2. These Disulfide Bridges Give the Protein a Complex Folded Structure

      3. Hg, Mercury and Other Heavy Metals Destroy these Disulfide Bridges