HTML University

Science Dept.

Biology BIO 100
Mitosis

1. Cell Division
   1. Types
      1. Mitosis

      2. Meiosis

   2. Mitosis
      1. Problems with Cell Size
         1. Nutrients Move into Cell through the Cell Membrane

         2. Metabolic Wastes Move Out of Cell through the Cell Membrane

         3. Cell Membrane Area Vs Cell Volume Is a Limiting Factor

         4. The Cell Membrane Has to Provide for Material Transport

      2. Diploid to Diploid

      3. Known as Body Cell or Somatic Duplication

      4. The Two Daughter Cells Have the Same Kind and Amount of Genetic Material

   3. Meiosis
      1. The Need for Diversity

      2. Generation of Sex Cells

      3. Diploid to Haploid

      4. Crossover

      5. Gametogensis
         1. Oogenesis

         2. Spermatogenesis

2. Stages of Mitosis
   1. Interphase

   2. Prophase

   3. Metaphase

   4. Anaphase

   5. Telophase

3. Interphase
   1. "The Cell Is Not Dividing"
      1. DNA Replication

      2. Duplication Of Chromotid Material

      3. Can Not See Chromitid Material Since They Are Uncoiled

4. Prophase
   1. Early Prophase
      1. Centrioles (in Animal Cells) Move Apart

      2. Astral Rays Begin

      3. Chromosomes Coil and Shorten and Become Visable

      4. Nucleus Starts Out Intact

   2. Late Prophase
      1. Centrioles at Opposite Ends of the Cell

      2. Spindle of Fibers Formed

      3. Chromosomes Are Visable as Rodlike Structures

      4. Nucleus Disappears

      5. Nucleolus Disappears

5. Metaphase
   1. This Stage Is of Very Short Duration

   2. Duplicated Chromosomes Are on the Equator of the Spindle

   3. When Duplicated Chromosomes Are Pulled Apart by the Spindle Fibers, Metaphase Ends

6. Anaphase
   1. Early Anaphase
      1. Duplicated Chromosomes Separate and Move Toward Opposite Sides of the Cell

   2. Late Anaphase
      1. Duplicated Chromosomes Near Opposite Sides of the Cell

7. Telophase
   1. Early Telophase
      1. Chromosomes Cluster Near Each Centriole

      2. Chromosomes Begin to Uncoil

      3. A Nuclear Membrane Forms Around Each Set of Chromosomes

      4. In an Animal Cell a Cleavage Furrow Forms

   2. Late Telophase
      1. In an Animal Cell the Cleavage Furrow Constricts From "Outside In"

      2. Chromosomes Become Less Distinct

      3. Nucleolus Appears in Each Nucleus

      4. If the Cell is to Divide, the Centriole Duplicates Itself

8. Differences Between Animal and Plant Cell Mitosis
   1. In Plant Cells Centrioles Are Not Apparent , but Spindle Fibers Develop

   2. In Plant Cells a Cleavage Furrow Does Not Form, Instead a Cell Plate Develops From "Inside Out"