HTML University CATALOG NOTES WEB SITESDISCLAIMER ©

HTML University

Science Dept.

Geology and Soils GEO 100 Notes
Seismicity

  1. Patterns

    1. Shallow: 0-70 km

    2. Intermediate: 70-300 km

    3. Deep: 300-700 km

    4. Relate to Crustal Movement

      1. Divergent Centers - Spreading Centers

      2. Convergent Centers - Subduction Zones

  2. Effects

    1. Damage to Structures

      1. Do Not Build

      2. Earthquake Proof

    2. Ground Motion

    3. Fires

    4. Landslides

    5. Liquefaction

    6. Land movement

    7. Tsunami

    8. Sound

  3. Measurements

    1. Earthquake Intensity - Modified Mercalli Scale
      How Much and What Kind of Damage - On a Scale of I to XII

    2. Earthquake Magnitude - Richter Scale
      A Logarithmic Scale, From 1 to 10, Measuring the Energy Released

  4. Distrubution

    1. Converging Plates - Subduction Zones

      1. Pacific Ring of Fire

    2. Diverging Plates - Mid-Oceanic Ridges

  5. Interpretation

    1. P Waves

    2. S Waves

    3. Surface Waves

    4. Where on the Globe?

      1. Epicenter

      2. Focus

    5. Velocity of Earthquake Waves in Various Rock Strata

      1. Slow in Less Dense Rock

      2. Fast in Very Dense Rock

    6. Mohorovicic Discontinuity = Moho

    7. Core Acts Like Liquid due to the "S" Shadow

    8. The Structure of the Earth

      1. Crust - Above the Moho

      2. Mantle - Composed of Peridotite and Dunite

      3. Core - Composed of Fe, Ni

  6. Interior and Structure of the Earth

    1. Seismology

    2. Meteorites

      1. Tectites

      2. Stony Meteorites

      3. Metallic Meteorites

    3. Blast Furnace Analogy

      1. Separation of Iron from Silicate Slag

      2. Fe S mattes in the Lower Mantle and the Upper Core

  7. Possible Causes of Earthquakes

    1. Elastic Rebound Theory

    2. Magma Intrusion

    3. Mineral Transformations in Crustal Plates Subducted 100 to 670 km Below

  8. Earthquake and Volcano Web Sites

HTML University CATALOG NOTES WEB SITES TOP of PAGE